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To add further to the original article on CKD, I would like to include magnesium as being useful for CKD. In the following study, it is suggested that magnesium is also beneficial in the fight against CKD :
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484355/
Here is a relevant quote from the multi study review :
' Magnesium acts as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes, directly scavenges reactive oxygen species, and enhances the expression of antioxidant proteins. Furthermore, magnesium exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. Magnesium supplementation has been shown to reduce oxidative stress markers and improve antioxidant enzyme activities in clinical studies. Additionally, magnesium has been found to mitigate renal fibrosis, maintain tubular integrity and function, improve endothelial function, and modulate renal hemodynamics. '
Using a bioavailable form of magnesium seems appropriate. Magnesium glycinate is a bioavailable form as is magnesium citrate. Constipation is common in kidney disease and magnesium citrate is helpful for relieving constipation. If constipation is not an issue, then magnesium glycinate might be a better choice because it is a form of magnesium that is much less likely to cause diarrhea. Magnesium also helps to reduce glucose levels which would be useful in diabetic nephropathy (DN).
In any case, magnesium would be a good addition to the other supplements I mentioned for CKD. This is the current supplement list:
1. Melatonin and or earlier morning and later afternoon sun exposure
2. Fruits and Vegetables
3. Sodium Bicarbonate / Baking Soda
4. Fish Oil
5. Magnesium
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