Tooth Abscess
Natural Remedies

Effective Natural Remedies for Tooth Abscess Relief

The comments below reflect the personal experiences and opinions of readers and do not represent medical advice or the views of this website. The information shared has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any disease or health condition. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical concerns.
Turpentine
Posted by ORH (Ten MILE, TN) on 05/06/2020
★★★★★

TOOTH ABCESS,,,,,,,,,,

Bill Thompson, never got back to you on your advice to treat my infected tooth with turpentine. It worked, but that's not the end of the story. Our daughter and several friends came down with the same problem. Your advice worked for all of them. Not one failure. Myself, I think you need to either write an e book or ask D to set up a site for your advice. Ted was good, but so are you. Also, I have lots of questions as to how you got your knowledge. If you don't want to go public, I would appreciate your life's profile by e mail. You are a special fellow that I would like to know better. ====ORH====

Turpentine
Posted by Lisa (Florida) on 09/25/2023
★★★★★

Thanks, Bill for your information on turpentine. I had an abscess in a tooth where I just had an implant, and had fought the pain for a month. I used turpentine, around 1/2 to 1 tsp around the tooth and had almost instant relief. I did that several times a day and the pain is gone completely after 4 days, and aches some now after 7 days, so I use it each day to complete the healing. Thanks so much for the links; I have read the studies and now feel confident enough to low-dose internally. You are a great resource for Earth clinic!


Turpentine
Posted by ORH (Ten Mile, TN) on 02/17/2019
★★★★★

Bill,,,,,,,, your suggestion for me to use turpentine to heal an abscessed tooth is working. You know I's a shotgun guy. I got a problem?....... then I throw the kitchen sink at it. Well, know you can't breath Ozone, but you can breath ozone after it has bubbled through virgin olive oil. I do that all the time. So being SJS, I decided to do this to my infected tooth gum area. So what did I do? I took a gas catheter, cut it off and put this gas to the gum area of my infected tooth. There is an infected area above this tooth and I go there with gas and in-between the tooth. Folks only have an original thought in every 100 light years. This is probably my 5th. That's dang good for an 82 year old. If you think, I's showing out..... then hammer meets nail. That's me. But maybe, folks all over the world now know to use turpentine to cure an abscessed tooth. The Lord said he will provide and he will, if you just listen. Bill, you are a good guy. ====ORH====


Multiple Remedies
Posted by Oral Health Guy (Earth) on 05/30/2016

Yes... No visible puss or swelling for a bit over two weeks now.

This was only after I started following the dietary recommendations of Ramiel Nagel very seriously: for me, the crucial change was a diet high in real unprocessed unsweetened yoghurt and buttermilk. Also, I cut out the xylitol rinses that appeared to turn my teeth grey/yellow, and I brushed my teeth with sodium bicarbonate as main ingredient (also did some rinses with it). Those changes were exactly concurrent with the dietary improvement.

In sum, I would not recommend xylitol. I recommend following Ramiel Nagel/Weston Price dietary advice. Also, I recommend brushing with sodium bicarbonate.


Jaw Bone Infection Remedies
Posted by Faith (Sd, US) on 05/02/2014

I had a root canal gone bad. I was aware of how dangerous root canals are , so I had it extracted and the dentist put a bone graft right over an hidden brewing infection that was in my jaw bone. For a couple years I suffered the following symptoms : brain fog , light and movement sensitivty, tremors, shortness of breath, wheezing , weight loss, nausea, heart palpatations, memory loss, aching joints, chronic sore throat dizziness, brain swelling burning and dry eyes, blurred vision, hives, dry heaves , rash and general weakness. Very fortuanate to have loving supportive family. I had a million tests, and saw 4 holistic dentist they did not possess the knowledge to help me . I also had ultrasound, MRI and x-ray of my jaw and the infection did NOT show up . Finally I found an expert cavitation specialist who was an expert . Who went in and simply made incisions into all the extraction dental sites, all the sites were cleaned scaped, sterlized by laser. I had a serious necrosis jaw infection the bone was mushy, Cavitation dental surgery is way easier than an extraction it seemed pretty straighforward, simple easy procedure took two pain killer for two days and I was fine. Bone infection is just the first level have it addressed now , it can turn into gangrene which is the next level and then amputation. You see the seriousness of what you're dealing with, it is an medical emergency you must have surgery there is no other way to get into the jaw bone it is a closed blood system. I wasted my time with ozone injections, and poultices that did NOT addess the serious jaw bone infection. The sooner you have it addressed the sooner you get feel better.


Bentonite Clay, Multiple Remedies
Posted by Charity (Faithville, Us) on 02/27/2015

Those darn receeding gumlines...msm kicks the infection and heals the gum, use both msm cyrstals in the mouth at bedtime and tablets during the day. GO SLOW and fix those receeding gumlines, it's part of our collagen mix, missing in most diets.


Tooth Abscess Remedies
Posted by John (Usa) on 02/19/2018

DMSO and Nacent Iodine Rinse, plus 6 drops of Nacent Iodine and 6 cloves of garlic internally daily.

(Iodine and garlic to be taken separately) (Not for people on thyroid medication)

This will not only cure ANY abscess, but will also cure any underlying jaw bone infection that may be present, to prevent infection re-occurrences.

(Test mouth sensitivity first with a couple drops)

  • 7 parts dmso
  • 1 part distilled water
  • 2 parts nacent iodine

1. Make sure mouth is clean(salt water or hydrogen peroxide rinse first)

2. Swish iodine dmso solution for 10 min, better swallowed after rinse, again thyroid must be healthy. (this will also ease the pain)

3. Wait 10 more minutes without eating or introducing anything into the mouth, and better not to rinse immediately this will give it more time to reach deep into the gums and even bone.(the dmso, will take anything with it into the blood so keep this in mind) including smoking, drinking or food.

4. After waiting 10 mins, follow with a 5 min salt water or hydrogen peroxide rinse, to close the mouths super absorbent state.

5. Do not eat anything, or drink anything except water, for at least 1 hour following this.

This can be done several time a day, but watch your iodine consumption if swallowing the rinse everytime.

Always better to see the dentist first but for those of us that can't, THIS WORKS!


Garlic, Turmeric
Posted by Fxbelle (Bellevue, Wa) on 09/09/2011
★★★★★

I have a tooth that has been on the edge, since I lost part of the filling. It started throbbing and kept me awake the first night. That's when I got out my arsenal! I immediately started with tumeric tea (Tumeric - as much as you can stand, 1/3rd Almond Milk or Almond Oil, some vanilla flavoring for taste and the balance with hot water). I made 6 cups during the day and as I went about my day, I just swished the tea around on the upper side where my tooth hurt.

Late in the afternoon, I peeled about 6 garlic bulbs (not kidding) and sauted them in olive oil (about 25 pieces). I ate every one (its a good thing I like garlic! ) By late evening, the horrible swelling had gone down and I had this "nub" of swelling between my jaw and cheek. The throbbing had completely gone away by this time. All of a sudden, the "nub" burst and now I am back on the mend! I really love Tumeric Tea and Garlic!


Grapefruit Seed Extract
Posted by Maria (Florida) on 01/23/2016

I use oil of oregano. 2 to 4 drops under the tongue and it works for all the symptoms mentioned here, without killing the good bacteria.


Olive Leaf
Posted by Mama To Many (Tennessee) on 10/21/2017

Dear Ahmed,

I have used clove oil in the mouth a number of times. Personally, I am comfortable with that even when the bottle says not to use internally.

Hope it helps you very much!

~Mama to Many~


Treat Liver & Gut
Posted by Daniel (Colombia SA) on 04/06/2024
★★★★★

I would like to throw my experience in the ring as well. I have tried everything with various tooth problems. The root cause has to be treated if you are having problems with your teeth. Problems or triggers come in 4 basic categories, Spiritual, Diet and mineral / vitamin deficiencies and imbalances, Toxins: chemical, biological and energetic (EMF and such), And then Psychological ie Emotional stress. We have to remember, one or more of these areas can be creating a break in the chain of good health. So we can take CS and it might give us a quick fix, but if the problem is chronic such as a root canal treated tooth, too much silver for too long can create an deficiency in other minerals such as copper. So I recommend referring to a mineral wheel for interactions whenever taking any minerals in excess. For tooth pain, you might want to try drinking Lemon juice made from the parts of the fruit everyone else tosses out. I toss out the acidic juice which is damaging to already weak teeth, and then I blend the rest in the blender with water. The peel, rind and seeds are where all the nutrients are. Problems with teeth and eyes are caused by liver and gut problems. Lemon helps rid the liver of fatty toxins with the lemon oil and other chemicals. I like the lemon because it gives quick pain relief due to its noninflammatory properties while the bitter chemicals have a strong antimicrobial effect and stimulate the liver to pump out bile and toxins (peristalsis). Anyhow fixing teeth is not a quick fix but rather a process and journey. Hope this helps point someone in the right direction.


Ginger
Posted by Fede (Madrid ) on 06/06/2023
★★★★★

Hi, I have. A broken molar that I should have gotten treated a long time ago. Because of traveling I have not had my regular oral hygiene and Ive been eating too much sugary foods. I'm in a country house away from home. The pain yesterday was so high I wished for death. Although Garlic had worked wonders in the past It didn't this time. There were some frequency binaural audios that helped in the past..not this time.

After trying salt water, Binéfar, alum and every tea you.can think of I remembered the antiinflamatorios properties of Ginger. My opinion IS while Garlic is an excellent antibiotic and works to treat the infection It can easily burn your mouth and the taste IS unpleasant. Tor those reasons its not practical to have for a long time next to the afectes área.

Ginger on the other hand IS an antiinflamatory that starts fighting inflamación right after you apply It and It can be kept there for a long time. I cut 2 Slim slices bite them little bit in the pain free side to the the juices flowing and put the on each side of the gym if the afectes tooth.if you are not able to do this operation with your mouth feel free to wash your hand with soap and acomódate the Ginger slides with your fingers.Thats all! Go on with your daily tasks.eventually you Will even forget its there and you Will forget you had a toothache.you can Crush It a little bit more every now and then yo keep the juice flowing.dont swalow saliva.alow It to mix with the Ginger juice.I personally LOVE the taste of Ginger.

Advice: choose a Ginger root that IS Big in size not small and organic.the small ones are extremelly potente comcentrated with less water content and It can be hard to keep in your mouth.they burn like garlic. For this use it's better the lower potency Ginger, the kind that la Big in size usually coming from China.

After 30 minutes you can Crush It put all the pieces around your affected tooth for a little.bit and swallow It for extra internal antiinflammatory effects.
Combining Garlic and Ginger can be your BEST bet cause hit the infection and the inflamación. feel free to experiment


Magnesium Oil
Posted by Melody (ON) on 05/27/2023
★★★★★

Tooth infection/smell/implant

I had an infection under the crown of my implant. I bought a water pick thinking that would really clean it. Started using Peroxide in the water, and using something similar to theives oil in the area 2 or more times a day. NO improvement at all. I was persistent for over 4 months. Went to the dentist, he basically said the crown would have to be replaced etc.... THEN, I was reading an article about how magnesium oil can help with tooth infections. I sprayed both sides of the tooth, swished for 10 min. In 3 days there was more than 50 % improvement. I am 7 days now. There is no odour at all. I am going to continue for a few weeks because I had it for so long. I am so happy and relieved!!

Hope this helps someone else.

Salt Water
Posted by Brett (Al.) on 03/12/2018
★★★★★

Dental infection, I had a severe infection under a tooth that had a deep filling that killed the nerve in tooth, this tooth infection under it pushed the tooth up so high I couldnt shut my mouth, had my jaw bone throbbing with every heartbeat,

I used sea salt in water swished around in mouth for 10 to 20 minutes several times a day, took the infection down enough I had the tooth extracted w/o antibodies.

Worth trying.


Multiple Remedies
Posted by Charity (Faithville, Usa) on 07/21/2017

kTylenol interrupts bone tear down and rebuild cycles and so your bones and teeth get weaker and more vulnerable to breaking . It also is bad for your liver health. Ibuprophen is bad for kidneys liver and intestinal health.

Alpha lipoic acid in vitamin isle helps with nerve pain and NAcetyl Cysteine makes it work stronger. 50 /50 baking soda and coconut oil knocks down dental pain as a paste at night and shrinks inflammation . Helps control abscess.You could also use activated charcoal at night as a poultice on the gums. Iodized salt rinses after meals. Ginger is excellent .

Bad teeth are a sign you aren't absorbing minerals from food. Try some kefir for gut health 1 TB. a day .

Call your local homeless shelter and find out if there are any free emergency services that could get the wisdoms pulled . Stay away from garlic if you are getting any teeth pulled it's a blood thinner.

Bless you, May the Lord, heal and restore your teeth, Charity


Garlic, Vitamin C and Bamboo Salt
Posted by Yvonne (Singapore) on 11/28/2016
★★★★★

Editor's Choice

Hi guys, woke up with dull pain in lower molar, went to a random dentist nearby at 10am (and though a regular cleaning will do the job), the 'cold test' they performed made the pain worse (unbearably excruciating and non-stop), that I have to keep holding water in my mouth or the pain keeps coming back. At 2pm, I can't take it anymore, went back, they told me it was really bad gum infection with pus and my molar was shaking. So they suggested periodontist specialist and root canal. I can't wait and make a trip to periodontist specialist and didn't want to do root canal after reading all the bad things about it, so in desperation, I opted for extraction. 1 day after the anesthesia of the extraction dies off, the neighboring teeth and gum start to ache (bacteria spread), so I started on the ponstan and antibiotics given by the dentist, which helped reduce the infection/inflammation by around 40%.

Then after reading reviews of this site, I started chewing garlic and taking lots of Vitamin C (6,000mg) for a couple days. Both helped by around 70%. Then there is the side effect of skin burn/sore on the cheek and inner lips with use of garlic, so garlic can't be used constantly.

But what I would like to share with whoever is reading this review is that Bamboo Salt (9x baked) is the game-changer. It managed to fix the remaining 30% sensitivity, sore and ache in nearby gum, teeth and extraction site, that garlic and Vit C can't fix). I really didn't have to extract my molar if I knew about bamboo salt before I go to the dentist.

All my gums and teeth and in perfect shape now. Google "Bamboo Salt" and there are medical reports it can even cure oral cancer: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23403521

EC: Interesting, thank you!

For those who don't know much about this Korean remedy...

Jukyeom is a Korean folk remedy consisting of salt roasted in bamboo. ... The trace elements in the clay and bamboo are thought to make this form of salt more healthy. Historically, jukyeom has been used as a digestive aid, styptic, disinfectant, or dentifrice.

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukyeom

Olive Leaf
Posted by Kenneth (New South Wales) on 09/01/2016
★★★★★

TOOTH ABSCESS. - I have lost a tooth or 2 from the dreaded tooth abscess in the past when little information was available to help other than going to the dentist. I have now tried most of the recognised alternative published remedies and I have to say none of them were a total success - until - I took some fairly large doses of powdered olive leaf.

The result.......almost immediate, well, within a few hours, all pain subsided and after following on with reduced doses the abscess completely subsided. - AMAZING!!


Multiple Remedies
Posted by Earthling (Usa) on 11/30/2015

HI U ORH,

I love you back, but disagree that I was "flip" in my reply.

I had to giggle at the irony of you, of all people, calling me out for something like that. ;-) You are the saltiest dog on this board. I say that with great affection, because I've come to know that you have a big heart and mean no harm, but I'm sure many of the 'regulars' here would agree that you're well-known for your harsh comments. When I finished reading the post, I had to scroll up to make sure I read the poster's name correctly the first time, because I thought 'it couldn't be ORH calling ME out for being "flip"--that is quintessential 'pot/kettle' ..haha :)

I began my post by saying that I was glad the poster's infection was gone and went on to say that if they'd used the garlic internally vs. only externally, that it would have expedited the process.

I agree with you about Ozone, but that's not an option for everyone. Garlic, however, *is*. It is easily obtained and is dirt-cheap--something that literally 'anyone' can access and afford.

As for posting my solution "by the numbers", I don't think I could have made it any more clear. I gave very specific instructions in terms of how much garlic, how often to take it, etc. That's something I'm *always* very cognizant about when posting here, because so many who post success stories do so nebulously.(i.e. "Turmeric cured my _______"<--enter ailment here.) It leaves the reader asking; "How much turmeric? How often did you take it?", etc.

In any event, I was in no way being "flip". Not that it's beneath me ;-), but if I were, I'd have *owned* it.

Y'all behave yourself for a change.


Multiple Remedies
Posted by Mkd89 (Ft. Worth, Texas) on 10/16/2015
★★★☆☆

WORKED TEMPORARILY

2 1/2 weeks ago, after I used a floss stick, the next morning I had excruciating pain like I've never had before on the bottom left side tooth next to wisdom tooth. Suffered for 4 days even with using apple cider vinegar with mother. It didn't work. Then my jawline started to hurt. I rubbed Benadryl extra strength on it and it helped for a few hours. Then my ear started hurting. I went on Earth Clinic and read about oil of oregano. It helped almost immediately and for a couple of days I applied directly to the tooth, the pain which is actually between the tooth and another one, the gums (both sides) with a q-tip and cotton ball along my jawline from the left side of my chin up to my temple and behind my wary.

Everything was going great until yesterday after I used my Power Floss where it felt like is might of hit something with the warm water. Then pain set in again. Oil of Oregano drops weren't working anymore. Garlic didn't work. Last night I did my coconut oil pulling for 20 minutes. Followed by light brushing with coconut oil and baking soda. Then I packed fresh coconut oil with baking soda all sound the area and on the tooth for 10 minutes. Rinsed. 30 minutes later they pain came back and I just went full on hydrogen peroxide 3% capful and let it sit in the area for 10 minutes. It definitely was drawing the infection out but the annoying pain was still there. I saw my gums had a nice sized pure white streak midway between the teeth and the base of the gums.

I caved and took a Rite Aid migraine tablet which I believe helped since I was able to sleep with no issues an woke up okay. 2 hours later, pain was back. I did it all over again without the migraine tablet and instead packed it with a crushed garlic close mixed into a paste with equal parts turmeric, black pepper and table salt. Oh the burn! My eyes were tearing. Worked to take my mind off the pain but that was all it did. I waited an hour and did another hydrogen peroxide capful left in my mouth on the side where it hurts.

Folks, I'm flying overseas on Tuesday on my birthday trip that I've been planning since February and is the first real vacation (sightseeing) I've done in 25 years. I can't not go! But I also can't suffer on the plane either. The dentist can't see me for another week, of which I will be overseas. What else can I do? Thanks for reading and your suggestions. I appreciate it!

Multiple Remedies
Posted by Elly (Boise, Id) on 10/01/2015
★★★★★

Here's what works for me for minor gum abscesses:

Hydrogen peroxide rinse. Three parts water to one part HP. Don't make it too strong. If it stings, it's too strong. Swish it in your mouth until it becomes foamy, then spit it out. Do this once a day only.

Organic virgin coconut oil rinse. Twice a day for 30 minutes each. (morning, then once before bedtime)

Tumeric tea: one tbs of turmeric in a cup warm water. Rinse until finished.

An abscess is like any other blister or boil, it fills with pus which causes pain. Heat treatment works on exterior abscesses and I thought it would work on gums as well.

I discovered while eating soup, that by leaving the warm soup in my mouth and pushing soft vegetables against the abscess, that it took the sting out of it and, by the next day, it was smaller.

Clove oil is good for deadening the pain. Mix it with a little carrier oil (like olive oil) on a cotton ball and apply. CO takes the pain away, but it doesn't help shrink the abscess.

The main thing is to keep the area as clean as possible and do the treatments every day. I took about a week for mine to completely disappear.

If the pain becomes worse, spreads to sinuses, or causes a fever it may be an infection and you should see a dentist or doctor immediately.


Oil of Oregano
Posted by Dianna (Florida) on 05/17/2015
★★★★★

Jaw was swollen, ear hurt, terrible pain, used salt water, tea bags, then I started Oil of Oregano capsules. For a week 3 times a day. Abscess gone! Oil of Oregano - natural strong* antibiotic--used in bible days and researched today by university studies. Google it and see ***all*** the great uses! Cancer research, etc. Dianna.


Multiple Remedies
Posted by KT (Usa) on 08/24/2015

Try measuring a cap full of peroxide and a cap full of water to swish around the area several times a day. This worked for me when I had an abscess (also lower canine) that apparently broke through the gum, became red, swollen and very sore. I could rub the blister-like eruption to burst. Take special effort to keep the area clean so food debris doesn't keep getting trapped under the gum. My problem was, that tooth and the one next to it had crowns. Tiny pieces of food got trapped between the crown and the gum. Flossing helps.

Don't use the peroxide straight as it will damage tissue. (I tried that...not a good thing to do, but it did heal). That tooth had a root canal but once in awhile I can tell an abscess could be forming again, (I had the crown removed because I could not tolerate it after my teeth shifted) so I'll well moisten a brand named tea bag in very warm water and drape it over the tooth for 20 or 30 min. It will draw out pus and/or blood. There are posts here on EC about that too. I think it is recommended to use Eucalyptus, but I didn't have that available. The brand named one worked for me.

I too support the use of garlic. I had an abscess under one of my upper molars that was very painful. Using the garlic and alternating the tea bag reduced the abscess so that it was no longer visible on an x-ray and I didn't have to have the tooth extracted.

Sorry to be long-winded...hopes this helps you.


Zinc
Posted by Timh (Ky) on 05/07/2014 2048 posts

Shana18: Good to hear your success report. I have been advocating Zinc Lozenges here for some time as I have had good results also. Studies have show that pathogens cannot properly adhere to cell surfaces that are optimized w/ Zinc.


Jaw Bone Infection Remedies
Posted by Anon (Anon) on 03/25/2015

Someone else posted this on earth clinic and it will take your fear and drown it out with testimonies of healed people.

http://www.charcoalremedies.com/paypa

Jaw/dental issues can be overcome without a dentist just as brain issues can be overcome without a brain surgeon.


Bentonite Clay, Multiple Remedies
Posted by Mtech (North Carolina ) on 11/14/2015

I need to know where you got the bentonite clay powder and brand name. I can get bentonite clay liquid from herb store.


Oil Pulling, MMS
Posted by Maddtom (Colorado, Usa) on 07/28/2013 1 posts
★★★★☆

Folks, recently discovered not so painful soft "lump" on outside upper back tooth. This tooth has been bothering me for couple of months. Very painful for a couple of weeks and then no pain. I know it will need to come out very soon. Question is: how to mitigate and even eliminate this infection. I pull EVOO at least twice a day and have for more than 6 months. My overall health is excellent (65yrs). Like I said I know this tooth needs to come out and I want to eliminate this abscess before I go in (if possible)... Thanks for any info. ThomasM

Grapefruit Seed Extract
Posted by Judy (Ohio) on 02/26/2016
★★★★★

Hi, I was wondering if you avoided your root canal still in the last 2 years of taking the grapefruit seed extract? I was told I need one and don't want to go that route. Thanks


Honey
Posted by Jarrod (Fillmore, CA) on 01/18/2008
★★★★★

Apparently, there are three types of sugar. Glucose, fructose and sucrose. Sucrose is the only kind of sugar which is detrimental to the strength of your teeth. The other two turn out to be good. They trap bacteria and do other good stuff. I don't know all of the technical, scientifical (I know it's not a word, but it should be) theory behind it all, but I have tried this remedy myself and it works! I had a sore tooth for months. I had to stop rinsing my mouth out with hydrogen peroxide because the pain was unbearable. I bought some local honey and started eating a lot (two tablespoons with my coffee in the morning and more here and there when I had the time. Up to probably 10 tablespoons a day. I like honey, so this was easy. I don't think you need that much though. I also chewed on some honey comb that was in the jar. Not sure if that helped either, but it was a good gum substitute. Anyway, my pain is completely gone now and I can rinse with hydrogen peroxide! God bless!


Multiple Remedies
Posted by Kris (Burlington, Vermont) on 10/11/2007
★★★★★

My tooth that had a filling in it broke apart and all that's left is the filling that's stuck in the gum. Anyway, it started hurting hours ago, so I did 3 things:

1) Drank a cup of my own urine. I held my nose and drank it quickly. This is a known cure.

2) Took an ice cold shower for one minute. I'm in Burlington, Vermont, and it's October, so it was very cold. This is hydrotherapy. After the cold shower, I slowly turned the water to warm but kept my head away from the water. A wonderful feeling of relaxation came over me.

3) Visited your site and saw that baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) was recommended for tooth/gum pain. So I poured about a tablespoon of it on my hand and put it right on the tooth/gum where it hurts. Minutes later, the pain left.

Thank you for your website. You are a blessing for doing this! Praise God for your efforts because you're helping people get well. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.



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